Honing tool



F. M. KERN AIIONINGr TOOL sept. 19, 1933.

Film1 March 9, 1951 2 sheets-sheet 1 INVENTOR ffea /W /fle/f/z.

/Qw/v/Mv ATTORNEYS.

Sept. i9, 1933. AF. 'M KERN 1,927,039

Y HoNING TOOL l Filed March 9, 1951 2 sheets-#sheet 2 INVENTOR Y @ed /V/Mer/4.

K BY l /WMRNEY Patented Sept. 19, 1933 HGNING TOOL Fred M. Kem. Detroit,Mich., assigner u Micromatic lione Corporation, a corporation ofMichigan Application March 9, 1931. serai No'. 521,081

2o claims. (ci. sil-184.3)

My invention relates to cylinder honing tools and particularly toimproved methods of controlling the expansion and adjustment of thehoning elements thereof.

5 The principal objects of my invention are: to provide a tool in whichthe abrading body is freely movable radially of. the supporting spindleof the .l

tool for adjustment relative to the surface of the cylinder bore; toprovide a spindle for the tool having a universal joint therein; and toprovide means for transmitting pressure through the universal joint, forcontrolling the expansion of the abrading elements without restrictingor interfering with the movements of the joint.

Further objects are: to provide a freely adjustable vratchet member forregulating the position oi the expansible elements which effects closelyspaced indexing of the elements relative to a cylinder wall; to providemeans for applying 2,0 a pressure for expanding the elements apredetermined amount and for preventing any pressure being exertedthereafter; and to support the abrading elements in such manner as toeffect a high polish and minute accuracy.

Numerous other objects and features o1. novi city of .my invention willbe either specifically pointed out or will become apparent when refermring, for a better understanding ci my invention, tc the followingdescription in conjunction with 3o the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Figure l is a view, in section, of a honing tool embodying features ofmy invention, taken on the line 1-1 of Fig. 2, with the honing elementsinretracted position,

Fig. 2' is a broken view, in elevation, of the y tool shown insection'in Fig. 1,

Fig. 3 is a reducedfvlew, in side elevation, .of a machine provided withthe tool illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2,

Fig. 4 is a view, similar to that of Fig. l with the honing elements inexpanded position,

Fig. 5 is a. sectional view of the structure shown in Fig. 4 taken along.the line 5--5 thereof,

Fig. 6 is a sectional view of the structure shown 45 in Fig.`4 takenalong the line 6-6 thereof,

Fig. 'l is a sectional view of the structure shown in Fig. 4 taken alongthe line '1 -'I thereof,

A Fig. 8 is a sectional view of the structure shown in Fig. 1 takenalong the line 8-8 thereof,

. 50 Fig. 9 is a sectional view of the structure shown in Fig. l takenalong the line 9-9 thereof,

Fig. 10 isx a perspective view of an abrading member and a supportingblock, which is mount- 5 able in my tool for parallel movementoutwardly,

and

Fig. 1l. is a perspective view of an abrading member and a supportingblock, which is mountable ln my tool-for adjustable movement outwardly.

My invention comprises a universally jointed 60 supporting member whichincludes a body spindie 12 and a head spindle 13. The upper end of thebody spindle l2 is recessed to receive the spherically formed lower end14 of the spindle 13, and connection is made by the cross pin 15 65which extends through the spindles 12 and 13, as best shown in Fig. 'l'.A hole 16, through the head spindle 13, is illustrated as being taperedoutwardly i'rom the center to permit the pin to be tilted in the planeof its axis. A collar 18,170 having arcuate sides, is supported on thereduced upper end'of the-head spindle 13 by a cross pin 19 which extendseither side thereof at right angles to the lower pin 15. The collar 18and the pin 19 serves to releasably secure the tooi-75. to a drive shaft20 of a machine 21, shown in Fig. 3, in such manner as to provide aflexible driving connectiontherewith.

A. pair of spiders and 26 are mounted in spaced, fixed relation on thelower end of the body spindle 12 and are provided with peripherai slots27 in which blocks or holders 28 and 29 register for sliding movementtherein. Abrading members or stones 30 are set in metal mern=l bers 31,the backs of the holders being provided with projections 32 forreleasably engaging suitable recesses or holes 33 formed in the holders28 and 29. The members 3l are provided with projecting hooks 34 at bothends for receiving garter springs 35 which serve to retain the abrad=ing members 30 and the holders 22 and 29 within the slots 27 provided inthe spiders.

The upper spider 25 is pressed against a shoulder 37, formed on thecircumference of the body' spindle 12, and is secured against rotationthereon by a key 38. vThe lower spider 26 is likewise seatedagainst ashoulder 39 on the spindle 12, and is retained on the spindle along witha plate l 40, `bv'a cap screw 41, shown more clearly in Fig. 1. .A key(not shown) is employed for prem0 venting the rotation of the'spider 26-relative to the spindle. The plate 40 is cup-shaped and has an outwardlyprojecting flange 42 formed there'- on for protecting the abradingelements.

For expanding or positioning the abrading member 30 outwardly of thespindle I provide an actuating wedge or cone member 44, which isslidably mounted on the body spindle 12, between the spiders 25 and 26,within the confines of the holders 28 and 29. The actuating mem-f aplurality of conical surfaces provided on its outer circumference whichwill be described more fully hereinafter.

To provide a tool for effecting a rapid and extremely accurate cuttingand also for obtaining a high polish, I employ means on the holders 28,which cooperate with the actuating member 44 in such manner as to beretained in parallel relation to the spindle, in contradistinction tothe movement of holders 29 which are pivotally supported in relation tothe actuating member. The holders 28 and 29 are alternately disposedabout the spindle 12 and are biased outwardly by an equal pressure. Bothends of the holders 28 and 29 are provided with shoulders 45 forengaging the inner surface of the spiders and 26 to prevent longitudinalshfting of the holders.

From Figs. 8 and 9 it will be observed that six abrading members 30 areemployed on my tool, three of the holders 29 therefor, as shown in Fig.9 are constructed with a single centrally I holders 29. Suitablerecesses. 52 'are formed in the two lower conical portions 50 and 51 toac-- commodate the slopingv projections 46 and 47, respectively of theadjacent holders as shown in Figs. 4 and 9.

The surfaces of the holders and the conical portions are sloped in suchmanner that the ends of ,the` projections engage the conical surfacesonly at a point. The slopes are such that the movement therebetween isnon-reversible, that is to say, that comparatively little pressure isrequired to move the actuating member 44 down- Wardly to expand theabrading members 30, but pressure inwardly on-the members isinsuiiicient to move the member 44 upwardly. Downward movement of themember 44 simultaneously moves all of the abrasive elements outwardly,equal distances from the axis of the spindle.. The alternate abradingmembers are supported so as to tilt longitudinally to conform to asurface to be honed; while the adjacent abrading members are retained inparallel relation to the spindle and to each other. The tiltableabrading members effect rapid cutting while the parallel membersmaintain a true cylinder and eect a high polish. The employment of thetwo types of abrading members effect acombination of advantages neverheretofore obtained in a tool provided with a single support for themembers.

The actuating member 44 is biased upwardly against the member 25 Vbymeans of a relatively weak spring 52 which is compressed between thelower end of the member 44 and the spider 26. The upper portion of thebody spindle 12 is groovd at opposite sides to receive and guide,fingers 53 which extend through the spider 25 and engage the upper endof the member 44; At their upper ends the fingers 53 are integral withan annular portion 54 which encompasses the upi,ea7,ose

ber 44 is of substantially tubular shaped having per portion of thespindle 12 and is freely movable relative thereto.

On the top surface of the annular portion 54 are provided two bronzethrust washers 55 and 56 and a steel washer 57 for reducing therotational friction therebetween. Engaging the up,`

washer 6 3 which is retained in xed position on the cylindrical portion60 of vthe cage. An enclosing housing extends over the spring 62 and isspaced from the washers 55 to 57 inclusive, to provide aclearance'therebetween which permits universal movement of the bodyspindle l2. A shoulder 66 on the inner surface of the housing 65 engagesthe top portion of the spring 62 and when moved downwardly relative tothe cage 50, compresses the spring against the flange 58.

The housing 65 is provided with a sleeve 67 on its upper end whichextends over the head spindle 13 in such manner as to be freely movablethereon. The outer surface of the sleeve 67 is provided with a splinedthread upon which an adjusting collar 70 is screwed having a pluralityof recesses 86 on its upper surface. A plurality of ball bearings 72,`shown more clearly in Fig. 6 to be three in number, although it is tobe understood that any number of balls may be employed, are retained infixed relative position Ito each other on the collar 70 by means of acage ring 73. The cage ring 73 is retained in xed position relative tothe sleeve 67 by means'of a projection 74 which engage the splineprovided in the threaded portion of the sleeve 67. A thrust collar 71 ismounted on the top of the cage ring 73 in longitudinally slidablerelation to the threaded portion of the sleeve 67.

The upper threaded end of the head spindle 13 is provided with a pair ofnuts 77 and 78 which are relatively movable for providing a lockingengagement for longitudinally positioning a cam carrying collar which issupported thereon.

Between the flange on the nut 77 and the collar 80, a plurality ofbearings 79 are provided for reducing the rotational friction betweenthe members when adjustment is made.

Referring more particularly to Fig. 3, it may be noted that the threadson the nut 77 extend a considerable distance below the outer surface ofthe nut for the purpose of providing a surface for receiving the innersurface of the collar 80.

-When an adjustment of the cam carrying collar 80 is to be made theupper nut 78 is loosened and the lower nut 77 is turned to effect itsadjustment and therefore, that of the collar 80 relative to the headspindle 13, after which the nut 78 is tightened against the nut 77 toretain the latter in locked position on the spindle.

A plurality of brackets are provided on the lower portion of the collar80, in which a plurality of cams 81 are supported for pivotal movement.Projections 82 on the cams 8l engage camming surfaces 88 provided onthe'upper surface of the collar 7l which are sloped in such manner thatan inward movement of the upper end of the cams 81 causes theprojections 82 thereof to move outwardly along the surfaces 83 and forcethe collar 71 downwardly for applying a pressure to the spring 62. Theengagement of the projections 82 with the cam surfaces 83 is such thatthe projection neverreaches a central or toggle position and it isnecessary to retain the cams in camming position in a manner which willbe explained hereinafter.

.When an adjustmentis to be made the cams are released and the collar 70is rotated relative to the threads on the shank 67 an amountI which isindicated by the passage of a ball from one recess 66 to another. Thebias between the collars 70 and 7l eiected by the spring 62 and the cams.8l cause the ball to snap from one recess to anl adjacent to thecylinder 67, by a suitable supporting means, for thepurpose of engagingshoulders 89 on the cams 81. The engagement between the cams and thesleeve 90 is illustrated more clearly inFig. d wherein the sleeve 90 isshown in dot and dash-line as engaging the shoulders 89 of the cams andretaining the projections 82 thereof in outwardly camming position.

The operation of my tool will now be described in' detail. The tool issupported for universal movement on the shaft 26 oi' the-machine 2l, asshown more clearly in Fig. 3, and is rotated therewith as a unit. Theshaft 20 is lowered until the abrading members 30 are received withinthe inner surface of the cylinder 87. Further downward movement of thetool causes the cams 31 to be` .honing tool with an actuating member forthe 110 engaged by the sleeve 90 at the ends 89 thereof to cause thehousing to be moved downwardly relatively to the spring cage 59 to eecta pressure between the cage and the housing which is transmitted throughthe fingers 53 to the actuating member di for expanding the abradingmembers 30 radially of the body spindle l2.

In this position the collar is screwed upwardly on the sleeve to causethe downward movement ofthe. housing 65, relative to the spindle, toforce the abrading elements 30 outwardly in rm i engagement with thecylinder wall. The tool is then withdrawn from'the cylinder a distancesufl' ncient to collapse the cams 8l and the collar 7o is then adjusteda 'number of notches in proportion to the amount of 'material' to bemachined from the cylinder. Y

The* upward and downward movement of the tool is limited to permit onlyapproximately one third of the abrading members to extend outside d ofeither end or the cylinder and, when a greater:

movement of the tool occurs the cams 8l thereof pass outwardly of thesleeve 90 to thereby collapse the stones and keep them from. tiltingrelatively to the inner surface ofthe cylinder which would otherwisedeiorm the cylindrical wall and the stones. The pressure will becontinuously applied to the abrading members 3u to eiect their radialmovement until the washers 63 provided on the upper end of the cage 59engages the top portion oi the spring 62 which thereby eliminates thebias from between the cage and the housing 65.

in this manner the cylinder is machined a. predetermined amount with onesetting and if the cylinder is not then of the desired diameter the toolmay again be removed from the cylinder a predetermined distance torelease the cams in or der to eiiect'a second adiustment'oi the indexingassembly. 'The collar is turned ai predetermined number of notches tocause the spring to be compressed a-desirable distance which' will beequal has been set, in this manner to machine a cylinder to the amountof machining required to obtain the desired diameter of the cylinder.The insertion of the vtool into the cylinder will cause the cams to beagain actuated to apply a bias to the actuating member 44 to cause thehoning elements to be moved outwardly untilgthe washer 63 of the springcage again engages the top of the spring and eliminates the bias frombetween the spring cage and thev'housing 65. Once the honing tool toa''proper diameter, no further setting is required to machine similarcylinders to the same diameters except for a periodic, slight adjustmentbecause of the wearing 4of the stones.

During the operation of my tool, the clearance permits a universalmovement of the spindle 12 relative to the head spindle 13 whichmovement is expedited by the employment of the bearings 55, 56 and 57between the spring cage and the annular portion. The' universal joint,employed between the spindle portions 12 andA 13 and between the headspindle 13 and the shaft 20, provides a complete iiexibility to theabrading membersv30 to permit them to center themselves within thecylinders.

While I have shown the actuating fingers 53 as being guided in the slotsprovided in the body spindle l2, it is to vbe understood thatwhen a toolis employed for large diameter cylinders, the actuating fingers may bespaced from Ithe spindle and be retainedin predetermined position by theslots in the spider 25.

It will thus be seen that I have provided a -manner that the honing endof the tool is freely swingable on the head portion thereof. To providefurther exibility to the tool, its upper end is provided with anengaging end for receiving an actuating mechanism in such manner as toeffect a universal connection therewith. In this manner there is nopossibility of cooking the honing element in the cylinder which is,therefore, free to follow the bore of the cylinder which is providednormal tothe supporting face.

By providing a spring cage which retains the spring in initialcompressed condition, only a predetermined amount of movement iseffected between the spring cage and the housing, which is transferredto the honing elements to move them radially outward from the tool anamount which is proportional to the amount of surface to be machinedfrom within the cylinder. An indexing collar is provided with 'aplurality of 135 notches across which a plurality of balls are biased toprovide a snap action which indicatesA to an operator the amount ofoutward movement which will be applied to the honing element.

While I have described and illustrated but a iii) single embodiment ofmy invention it will be apparent to anyone skilled in the art that manyAY' changes, additions, omissions and substitutions may be made thereinwithout departing from the spirit and scope 'of my invention as setforth in 145 the accompanying claims.

I claim as my invention:

l. A honing tool having outwardly movable abrading members, means forsupporting said members, a spring for expanding the members,

relatively non-adjustable means for retaining said spring initiallyunder `compression and'for limiting its expansion after compression, andadjustable means for compressing the spring apredetermined amount toexpand said members.

2. `A honing tool having an expansible abrading body, a spring forexpanding the body, means for holding the spring under initial`compression in ay position of inoperativeness, and adjustable means forcompressing the spring a predetermined amount beyond the initialcompression for expanding said body.

3. A honing tool having an expansible abrading body, a spring forexpanding the body, a cage for engaging both sides of the spring forholding it under initial compression, and adjustable means forcompressing the spring within the cage a predetermined amount.

4. A honing tool'having an expansible abrading body, a spring, a cageengaging both sides oi. the spring for retaining it under initialcompression, means for interconnecting said cage with bination a bodyportion having outwardly movthe body and adjustable means for biasingthe spring apredetermined amount beyond its initial compression formoving said means and eiecting the predetermined expansion of saidabrading body. I

l5. A honing tool in combination, a spindle, abrading members, means forsupporting said abrading members for outward movement on the spindle,-an expander slidably mounted on the spindle for moving the membersoutwardly, a

`spring associated with the expander, a cage retaining the spring underan initial compression and a sleeve adjustable on the spindle forcompressing the spring beyond its initial compression which biases theexpander to eiect the outward' bination with members retained formovement inparallel relation to the axis of the tool, means forsupporting said members, and a single means for moving all of themembers outwardly.

. .8. A cylinder honing tool including in combination, a cylindricalbody having peripherally arranged abrading members supported for rockingmovement in combination with abrading members retained for movement inparallel'relation to the vaxis of said tool, means for supporting saidmember relative to \said body, and means forv simultaneously adjustingall of the members' relative to the axis of said body.

9. In a cylinder honing tool, abrading members supported to tiltlongitudinally of the tool in alternating arrangement with members re4tained parallel to the axis of the tool, means for supporting saidmembers, and means for moving the members outwardly relative to saidaxis.

10.- In a cylinder honing tool, a plurality of longitudinally tiltableabrading members alternating with members retained in parallel relationto the tool axis, means for supporting said members, and means forsimultaneously biasing all of said members outwardly relative to theaxis of said tool with a uniform pressure.

11. In a cylinder honing tool in combination, an abrading body havinglongitudinally disposed abrading members mounted to move outwardlythereof, amember slidably mounted relative to the body having a surfacein angular cooperative relation with some of the abrading members uponwhich the members can tilt and having surfaces in angular cooperativerelation to other abrading `members for retaining the membersl inparallel relation and means for positioning the movable member to'expand the abrading body.

12. In a cylinder honing tool, an abrading body, holders for abradingelements mounted in the periphery of the body for outward movementrelative thereto, a cone member axiallyl slidable in the body, some ofthe holders engaging the cone member for pivotal movement,- otherholders being supported for outward movement while retained in parallelrelation to the axis of the tool and means for moving the. cone memberto expand the body.

13. In a cylinder honing tool including in comable abrading holders, amember having three conical surfaces axially movable relative to thebodv portion, some of the holders being in pivotal relation with one ofthe conical surfaces, others of the holders engaging two of the conicalsurfaces and means for moving the member to simultaneously project allthe holders outwardly from the body portion.

14. In a cylinder honing tool, a spindle, an expansible abrading bodyxedly mounted on the spindle, a wedging means slidably mounted on thespindle for expanding the body, a spring for biasing said wedging means,a sleeve slidably mounted on the spindle for compressing said spring, anadjusting collar threaded on the sleeve, for effecting the degree ofmovement thereof, the said collar being provided with a plurality ofindentations and ball bearings in fixed relation with the sleeve andregistering with said indentations -for indexing the amount ofadjustment.

15. In a cylinder honing tool, a spindle having an expansible bodymounted thereon, a spring for applying a bias for expanding the body,avsleeve slidably mounted on the spindle and bearing on the spring, amember mounted on said spindle, above said sleeve, a collar-adjustablymounted on said sleeve and balls interposed between the co1- lar and themember held from rotating with the lili) lill) its collar in which acircle of indentations are provided for engaging the balls.

16. In a cylinder honing tool, a spindle having an expansible abradingbody mounted thereon, a sleeve slidably mounted on the spindle forexpanding the body, an adjustable collar threaded on the sleeve forregulating the degree of expanf sion, balls engageable by indentationsprovided in said collar and a retainer for the balls slidably keyed onthe sleeve.

. 17. In a cylinder honing tool, a spindle having lil@ said collars andmeans for retaining the balls;

against rotation relative to the sleeve.

18. In a cylinder honing tool, a spindle having an expansible abradingbody mounted thereon,

means slidably mounted on the spindle for ex-' panding the body, aspring bearing against said slidable means, a sleeve slidably mounted onthe spindle for compressing the spring', an adjustable luse collarthreaded on the sleeve, a thrust collar slidably mounted on the sleeve,balls interposed between said collars and held from revolving relativeto the sleeve, at least one of said collars having a circle of evenlyspaced indentations for enterposed between the adjustable and camming.

means, and means associatedvwith said spring for reducing the resistanceit oilers to the movement of said joint.

20. In a cylinder honing tool, abrading members supported to tiltlongitudinally of the tool in alternating arrangement with membersretained parallel to the axis of the tool, meansI for supporting saidmembers, and means for moving at least some of said members outwardlyrelative to-said axis.

FRED M. KERN.

